The Scientists : A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors.

John. Gribbin
Bok · Engelsk · 2003 · Electronic books.

Utgitt	New York : : Random House, , [c2003]
Omfang	1 online resource (xxii, 646 pages) : : illustrations
Opplysninger	Book 1.; Out of the Dark Ages --; 1..; Renaissance Men --; Emerging from the dark --; The elegance of Copernicus --; The Earth moves! --; The orbits of the planets --; Leonard Digges and the telescope --; Thomas Digges and the infinite Universe --; Bruno: a martyr for science? --; Copernican model banned by Catholic Church --; Vesalius: surgeon, dissector and grave-robber --; Fallopio and Fabricius --; William Harvey and the circulation of the blood --; 2..; The Last Mystics --; The movement of the planets --; Tycho Brahe --; Measuring star positions --; Tycho's supernova --; Tycho observes comet --; His model of the Universe --; Johannes Kepler: Tycho's assistant and inheritor --; Kepler's geometrical model of the Universe --; New thoughts on the motion of planets: Kepler's first and second laws --; Kepler's third law --; Publication of the Rudolphine star tables --; Kepler's death --; 3..; The First Scientists --; William Gilbert and magnetism --; Galileo on the pendulum, gravity and acceleration --; His invention of the 'compass' --; His supernova studies --; Lippershey's reinvention of the telescope --; Galileo's developments thereon --; Copernican ideas of Galileo judged heretical --; Galileo publishes Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems --; Threatened with torture, he recants --; Galileo publishes Two New Sciences --; His death --; Book 2.; The Founding Fathers --; 4..; Science Finds its Feet --; Rene Descartes and Cartesian co-ordinates --; His greatest works --; Pierre Gassendi: atoms and molecules --; Descartes's rejection of the concept of a vacuum --; Christiaan Huygens: his work on optics and the wave theory of light --; Robert Boyle: his study of gas pressure --; Boyle's scientific approach to alchemy --; Marcello Malpighi and the circulation of the blood --; Giovanni Borelli and Edward Tyson: the increasing perception of animal (and man) as machine --; 5..; The 'Newtonian Revolution' --; Robert Hooke: the study of microscopy and the publication of Micrographia --; Hooke's study of the wave theory of light --; Hooke's law of elasticity --; John Flamsteed and Edmond Halley: cataloguing stars by telescope --; Newton's early life --; The development of calculus --; The wrangling of Hooke and Newton --; Newton's Principia Mathematica: the inverse square law and the three laws of motion --; Newton's later life --; Hooke's death and the publication of Newton's Opticks --; 6..; Expanding Horizons --; Edmond Halley --; Transits of Venus --; The effort to calculate the size of an atom --; Halley travels to sea to study terrestrial magnetism --; Predicts return of comet --; Proves that stars move independently --; Death of Halley --; John Ray and Francis Willughby: the first-hand study of flora and fauna --; Carl Linnaeus and the naming of species --; The Comte de Buffon: Histoire Naturelle and thoughts on the age of the Earth --; Further thoughts on the age of the Earth: Jean Fourier and Fourier analysis --; Georges Couvier: Lectures in Comparative Anatomy; speculations on extinction --; Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: thoughts on evolution --; Book 3.; The Enlightenment --; 7..; Enlightened Science I: Chemistry catches up --; The Enlightenment --; Joseph Black and the discovery of carbon dioxide --; Black on temperature --; The steam engine: Thomas Newcomen, James Watt and the Industrial Revolution --; Experiments in electricity: Joseph Priestley --; Priestley's experiments with gases --; The discovery of oxygen --; The chemical studies of Henry Cavendish: publication in the Philosophical Transactions --; Water is not an element --; The Cavendish experiment: weighing the Earth --; Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: study of air; study of the system of respiration --; The first table of elements; Lavoisier renames elements; he publishes Elements of Chemistry --; Lavoisier's execution --; 8..; Enlightened Science II: Progress on all fronts --; The study of electricity: Stephen Gray, Charles Du Fay, Benjamin Franklin and Charles Coulomb --; Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta and the invention of the electric battery --; Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis: the principle of least action --; Leonhard Euler: mathematical description of the refraction of light --; Thomas Wright: speculations on the Milky Way --; The discoveries of William and Caroline Herschel --; John Michell --; Pierre Simon Laplace, 'The French Newton': his Exposition --; Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford): his life --; Thompson's thoughts on convection --; His thoughts on heat and motion --; James Hutton: the uniformitarian theory of geology --; Book 4.; The Big Picture --; 9..; The 'Darwinian Revolution' --; Charles Lyell: His life --; His travels in Europe and study of geology --; He publishes the Principles of Geology --; Lyell's thoughts on species --; Theories of evolution: Erasmus Darwin and Zoonomia --; Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: the Lamarckian theory of evolution --; Charles Darwin: his life --; The voyage of the Beagle --; Darwin develops his theory of evolution by natural selection --; Alfred Russell Wallace --; The publication of Darwin's Origin of Species --; 10..; Atoms and Molecules --; Humphry Davy's work on gases; electrochemical research --; John Dalton's atomic model; first talk of atomic weights --; Jons Berzelius and the study of elements --; Avogadro's number --; William Prout's hypothesis on atomic weights --; Friedrich Wohler: studies in organic and inorganic substances --; Valency --; Stanislao Cannizzaro: the distinction between atoms and molecules --; The development of the periodic table, by Mendeleyev and others --; The science of thermodynamics --; James Joule on thermodynamics --; William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and the laws of thermodynamics --; James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann: kinetic theory and the mean free path of molecules --; Albert Einstein: Avogadro's number, Brownian motion and why the sky is blue --; 11..; Let There be Light --; The wave model of light revived --; Thomas Young: his double-slit experiment --; Fraunhofer lines --; The study of spectroscopy and the spectra of stars --; Michael Faraday: his studies in electromagnetism --; The invention of the electric motor and the dynamo --; Faraday on the lines of force --; Measuring the speed of light --; James Clerk Maxwell's complete theory of electromagnetism --; Light is a form of electromagnetic disturbance --; Albert Michelson and Edward Morley: the Michelson --; Morley experiment on light --; Albert Einstein: special theory of relativity --; Minkowski: the geometrical union of space and time in accordance with this theory --; 12..; The Last Hurrah! of Classical Science --; Contractionism: our wrinkling planet? --; Early hypotheses on continental drift --; Alfred Wegener: the father of the theory of continental drift --; The evidence for Pangea --; The radioactive technique for measuring the age of rocks --; Holmes's account of continental drift --; Geomagnetic reversals and the molten core of the Earth --; The model of 'sea-floor spreading' --; Further developments on continental drift --; The 'Bullard fit' of the continents --; Plate tectonics --; The story of Ice Ages: Jean de Charpentier --; Louis Agassiz and the glacial model --; The astronomical theory of Ice Ages --; The elliptical orbit model --; James Croll --; The Milankovitch model --; Modern ideas about Ice Ages --; The impact on evolution --; Book 5.; Modern Times --; 13..; Inner Space --; Invention of the vacuum tube --; 'Cathode rays' and 'canal rays' --; William Crookes: the Crookes tube and the corpuscular interpretation of cathode rays --; Cathode rays are shown to move far slower than light --; The discovery of the electron --; Wilhelm Rontgen & the discovery of X-rays --; Radioactivity; Becquerel and the Curies --; Discovery of alpha, beta and gamma radiation --; Rutherford's model of the atom --; Radioactive decay --; The existence of isotopes --; Discovery of the neutron; Max Planck and Planck's constant, black-body radiation and the existence of energy quanta --; Albert Einstein and light quanta --; Niels Bohr --; The first quantum model of the atom --; Louis de Broglie --; Erwin Schrodinger's wave equation for electrons --; The particle-based approach to the quantum world of electrons --; Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: wave-particle duality --; Dirac's equation of the electron --; The existence of antimatter --; The strong nuclear force --; The weak nuclear force; neutrinos --; Quantum electrodynamics --; The future? Quarks and string --; 14..; The Realm of Life --; The most complex things in the Universe --; Charles Darwin and nineteenth-century theories of evolution --; The role of cells in life --; The division of cells --; The discovery of chromosomes and their role in heredity --; Intracellular pangenesis --; Gregor Mendel: father of genetics --; The Mendelian laws of inheritance --; The study of chromosomes --; Nucleic acid --; Working towards DNA and RNA --; The tetranucleotide hypothesis --; The Chargaff rules --; The chemistry of life --; Covalent bond model and carbon chemistry --; The ionic bond --; Bragg's law --; Chemistry as a branch of physics --; Linus Pauling --; The nature of the hydrogen bond --; Studies of fibrous proteins --; The alpha-helix structure --; Francis Crick and James Watson: the model of the DNA double helix --; The genetic code --; The genetic age of humankind --; Humankind is nothing special --; 15..; Outer Space --; Measuring the distances of stars --; Stellar parallax determinations --; Spectroscopy and the stuff of stars --; The Hertzsprung -- Russell diagram --; The colour -- magnitude relationship and the distances to stars --; The Cepheid distance scale --; Cepheid stars and the distances to other galaxies --; General theory of relativity outlined --; The expanding Universe --; The steady state model of the Universe --; The nature of the Big Bang --; Predicting background radiation --; Measuring background radiation --; Modern measurements: the COBE satellite --; How the stars shine: the nuclear fusion process --; The concept of 'resonances' --; CHON and humankind's place in the Universe --; Into the unknown --; Coda: The Pleasure of Finding Things Out.
Emner	Science - History. Scientists
Sjanger	Electronic books.
Dewey	509.2/2 B
ISBN	0-593-13403-6