Health, health behaviour and functional ability predicting depressionin old age: A longitudinal study
SL Kivelä
Bok Engelsk 1996
| Utgitt | 1996
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| Omfang | 6 s.
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| Opplysninger | The predictive value of health, health behaviour and functionalability for the occurrence of depression in elderly Finns isdescribed using a longitudinal design. The persons determined as notbeing depressed (DSM-III. Criteria) in an epidemiological study in 1984-85 were interviewed and examined in a follow-up study in 1989-90(N = 679). The risk factors were analysed by contrasting the persons depressed in 1989-90 with those not depressed.Of the symptoms, recurrent falling and a loss of appetite in men, and palpitation, dyspnoea at rest, tremor in the hands, nausea,dizziness, recurrent falling, apathy and feebleness, fatigue and weakness, restlessness and sight disturbances in women predicted depression. Certain depressive symptoms, such as crying spells,psychomotor agitation, irritability, self-deprecation and suicidalt houghts in men, and sadness, tachycardia, a loss of concentration, psychomotor retardation and indecisiveness in women, also predicted depression. Numerous somatic and psychosomatic symptoms and numerous depressive symptoms were risk factors for women. Old age, poor self-perceived health, dependence on outside help in negotiating stairsand dependence on outside help in washing oneself were risk factors for men. A previous episode of depression was a predictor in both sexes. Sex was not related to the risk of depression. Both in men and women, an impairment of functional abilities during the follow-up was related to depression. A decline of self-perceived health, anoccurrence of a serious disease and a decrease in the amount of physical exercise among women and moving into long-term institutional care and a decline of self-perceived health during the follow-up among men were associated with a greater risk. The occurrence of genitourinary diseases in men and the occurrence of vascular,cerebrovascular, thyroid or neurological disease in women during the follow-up were related to a high risk. The results support the hypotheses of a multifactorial aetiology and a relapsing and episodic course of depression in old age.
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