Present at the transition : an inside look at the role of history, politics, and personalities in post-communist countries /
Oleh Havrylyshyn.
Bok Engelsk 2020 · Electronic books.
| Omfang | 1 online resource : : illustrations (black and white)
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| Opplysninger | Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 08 May 2020).. - Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- I.1 Motivation -- I.2 Highlights of the Book -- I.3 Methodology and Coverage -- I.4 Outline of the Book -- Part I The Diverse Paths Taken in Transition -- 1 Review of Key Debates at the Beginning -- 1.1 Shared Euphoria, Divergent Recommendations -- 1.2 An Excited Economic Profession Debates Transition Strategy -- Debates on Speed of Reforms -- Debates on Privatization -- 1.3 The Transition Conference Circuit and the Personalities -- 1.4 In Retrospect, What Were the Key Issues? -- 1.5 Clarifying Key Definitions -- Socialism versus Capitalism -- Private-Sector Development versus Privatization -- Open and Competitive Markets versus Monopolistic Markets -- Shock Therapy, BB, GRAD, Institutionalism -- 1.6 Five Hypotheses Worth Testing -- 2 Reforms and Results of Transition: First Some Facts -- 2.1 The Transition Story in Numbers -- 2.2 Measuring Progress toward a Market and Democracy -- The Pace of Market Reforms -- Evolution of the Private Sector -- Democratization -- 2.3 Measuring Economic and Social Performance -- Income per Capita -- Other Measures of Economic Performance -- But Have Living Standards Increased? -- Measuring Social Well-Being and Social Costs of Reforms -- 2.4 The Actual Sequencing of Liberalization and Institutional Development -- 2.5 Summary: The Transition Story in Words -- Part II Choice of Strategy: Was It History? Politics? Or People? -- 3 Historical Legacies: Hysteresis versus Critical Juncture -- 3.1 The Big Forces Driving Transition Strategy -- 3.2 Historical Inertia and Path Determinacy -- Diverse Histories, Diverse Effects -- Antipathy to Communism -- Market ''Memory'' -- Wars and Civil Conflicts.. - 12.1 Further Radical Changes in Post-Communist Region Are Unlikely -- 12.2 Countries with Completed Transition: Could There Be Reversals? -- 12.3 Prospects for Progress in Authoritarian FSU Regimes -- 12.4 Intermediate Cases with Partial Markets and Semi-Democracies -- 12.5 There Will Always Be New Arguments for a Better Socialism -- Bibliography -- Index.. - 7.2 A Borrowed Theoretical Framework for Old-Guard Behavior -- Political Capitalism -- Patronage Politics -- Rent-Seeking -- 7.3 ''The Communists Stole Everything'': Realities, Perceptions, and Attitudes -- 7.4 Former Communist Nomenklatura Became New Capitalists? Some, but Far from All -- Fate of Old Guard in CEB and Southeast Europe -- Fate of Old Guard in Former Soviet Countries -- 7.5 Winners Didn't Take All - But Still Quite a Lot -- 8 Formation of the Oligarchs -- 8.1 For Us Few, Capitalism - But No Market Competition Please . . . -- 8.2 A Historically Unique Income Gap -- 8.3 From Soviets to Oligarchs in One Generation -- Stage 1: From Communist Elite to Capitalist Elite -- Stage 2: From New Russians to Billionaire Oligarchs -- Stage 3: Oligarchs Influence Economy and Polity -- 8.4 The Nature of Oligarchy in Central Asia and Caucasus -- 8.5 To Be a ''Good'' Oligarch, Just Be a Good Capitalist -- 8.6 CE Billionaires: Are They Oligarchs or Just Rich Capitalists? -- 8.7 Summary: Capitalists Make Profits - Oligarchs Also Make Politics -- 9 Corruption: Pervasive, Persistent, and Pernicious -- 9.1 Is Post-Communist Corruption so Unique? -- 9.2 What Causes Corruption? A Review of the Main Theories -- 9.3 Did Socialist Corruption Change with Transition? -- 9.4 Corruption Trends in Transition Countries 1989-2016 -- 9.5 Unique Aspects of Post-Communist Corruption -- 9.6 Corruption Control: How Successful Has It Been? -- Explaining the Achievements in Corruption Control -- How Quickly Can It Be Done? -- 9.7 Jason, Are We There Yet? -- 10 Role of the Old Imperial Center: The New Russia -- 10.1 Democracy Rises - But Does Imperialism End? -- 10.2 Revival of Russian Imperialism: The Causes -- Empire Lost Means National History Lost -- Great Power Status Lost Meant Identity Lost -- Loss of Economic Dominance Magnified the Identity Quandary.. - New Russian Identity: Amalgam of Ancient Great Russian Myths and Great Power Status -- Tomorrow: A New Empire and Renewed Great Power Status? -- 10.3 Revival of Russian Imperialism: The Instruments -- Encouraging Energy Dependence -- Blocking Imports from Uncooperative Neighbors -- Diplomatic Initiatives for New Regional Arrangements -- The ''Last'' Resort, Military Force, Was First Used in 1992 -- 10.4 Attraction of Other Regional Powers -- 10.5 Summary: New Empire Still a Work in Progress -- Part IV Outcomes and Prospects -- 11 The Transition Tapestry: Warps of History, Wefts at Choice -- 11.1 Many Succeeded, Many Fell Short: Why the Surprise? -- 11.2 Reforms, Performance, Correlations, and Causation -- What Happened? Five Stylized Facts -- Why It Happened? Rapid Reforms Delivered Superior Performance -- 11.3 Why Did Some Choose Rapid Reforms, Others GRAD? -- 11.4 Privatization, Oligarchy, and Corruption -- 11.5 Myths, Half Truths, Unconvincing Arguments - Even Some Fake News -- Myth 1: Create Capitalists and Smith's Invisible Hand Will Ensure Prosperity -- Myth 2: The Stiglitz Critique: BB Had Disastrous Effects, as Russia Proved -- Myth 3: BB Reforms Caused Big Pain -- Myth 4: Many Countries Still Not Back to Soviet Living Standards -- Myth 5: Success Is Not Due to Reforms, but ''Bottoms Up'' Individual Efforts -- Myth 6: Socialist Firms Can Never Compete in Western Markets -- Myth 7: Unemployment Was Higher in CEB than the FSU -- Myth 8: The Washington Consensus and BB Were Forced Upon Countries by IFIs -- Myth 9: Not Enough Market Knowledge to Move Fast -- Myth 10: The People Are Not Ready for the Market -- Myth 11: At Least We Gave You Cheap Gas from Russia -- Myth/Half-Truth 12: Post-Soviet Oligarchs Are Similar to American Robber Barons -- 11.6 Summing Up in a Nutshell -- 12 Quo Vadis Post-Communa?: An Epilogue.. - The Immediate Historical Context: ''Glasnost and Perestroika'' -- 3.3 Nationalism and Independence -- Prior Periods of Independence -- Nationalism: When Was It Positive, When Negative? -- 3.4 How Much Past History in the New History? -- 4 Reform Commitment of Political Leaders and Populations -- 4.1 History Always Matters, but Leaders Still Must Choose Policies -- 4.2 New Political Leaders: Communist Continuity or Lustration? -- CE and the Baltics -- Southeast Europe -- Former Soviet Union -- 4.3 Sources of Reform Commitment: Leaders or the People? -- 4.4 Summing Up on Role of Leaders -- 5 The Role of Technocrats -- 5.1 What Was Special about Technocrats in Transition? -- 5.2 CE Had Few Experts: But Enough to Lead Reforms -- 5.3 Going East There Were Fewer Experts: Was This a Reason for Fewer Reforms? -- So, Did the Shortage of Knowledgeable Economists Matter? -- 5.4 Filling the Knowledge Gap: Foreign Technocrats and Training -- 5.5 In the End, Did Availability of Technocrats Make a Difference? -- 6 External Incentives and Pressures -- 6.1 The World Was Eager to Help: Did It Sometimes Interfere? -- 6.2 The EU Anchor and Preceding Courtship Dances -- 6.3 International Financial Institutions: Motors or Shock Absorbers? -- Financial Support -- Policy Support: Sometimes Just Advice, Sometimes Conditionality for Funding -- Technical Assistance and ''Knowledge Dissemination'' -- 6.4 Was It the Forces of History? Or Heroes? Or Foreign Magnets? -- History Mattered But Was Not the Sole Force -- Heroes Made History, But Not by Ignoring It -- Heroes Can Play with History though External Forces Might Help or Hinder Their Efforts -- Part III Domestic Vested Interests and Reforms -- 7 The Old Guard: Politicians, Technocrats, and Red Directors -- 7.1 Insiders Oppose Harmful Reforms, Accept Beneficial Ones - For Them!.. - Nearly thirty years after the fall of the Soviet Union, debates over paths to market liberalization have produced numerous studies across the social sciences. This groundbreaking work from Oleh Havrylyshyn offers a new perspective. Havrylyshyn, a former official in the post-independence Ukrainian government, provides a unique, primary source account of the people and problems at the heart of economic transitions. Grounded in three decades of data, along with experiential research gleaned from nearly thirty countries, this book contains the most up-to-date assessment of economic transitions in post-communist regions. It critically examines questions of gradual versus radical reforms, the relationship between democracy and market liberalization, and how history, individual personalities, and foreign influence determined political choices. Thorough research and accessible style make this work a valuable resource for students and specialists of economics, political science, and history as well as readers generally interested in international studies, government, and business.
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| Emner | |
| Sjanger | |
| Geografisk emneord | |
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| ISBN | 1108553834. - 9781108553834
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