The Art of Cryogenics : Low-Temperature Experimental Techniques
Guglielmo. Ventura
Bok Engelsk 2010 · Electronic books.
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| Utgitt | Burlington : : Elsevier Science, , 2010.
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| Omfang | 1 online resource (379 p.)
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| Opplysninger | Description based upon print version of record.. - Front Cover; The Art of Cryogenics: Low-Temperature Experimental Techniques; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; PART I; Chapter 1 Vacuum Techniques; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Vapour pressure; 1.3 Mean free path and viscosity; 1.4 Gas flow; 1.4.1 Conductance of an orifice and of a pipe for molecular flow; 1.4.2 Conductance of an orifice and of a pipe for viscous flow; 1.5 Evacuation of a lumped volume; 1.6 Vacuum pumps; 1.6.1 Rotary vane oil-sealed mechanical pump; 1.6.2 Booster pumps; 1.6.3 Scroll pumps; 1.6.4 Sorption pumps; 1.6.5 Oil diffusion pumps; 1.6.6 Turbomolecular pumps. - 1.6.7 Molecular drag pumps1.7 Other vacuum components; 1.8 Pressure gages; 1.8.1 Total-pressure gages; 1.8.2 McLeod gage; 1.8.3 Bourdon gage; 1.8.4 Diaphragm gage; 1.8.5 Thermal conductivity gages; 1.8.6 Hot cathode ionization gage; 1.8.7 Cold cathode gage; 1.9 Measurement of partial pressures; 1.9.1 Leak detectors; References; PART II; Chapter 2 Cryoliquids; 2.1 Cryogenics: Introduction and history; 2.2 Cryoliquids; 2.2.1 Liquid oxygen and hydrogen; 2.2.2 Liquid nitrogen; 2.2.3 Liquid helium; 2.2.4 Helium physics properties; 2.2.4.1 Helium vapour pressure and latent heat of evaporation. - 2.2.4.2 Helium specific heat2.2.4.3 Transport properties of liquid 4He: thermal conductivity and viscosity; References; Chapter 3 Properties of Solids at Low Temperature; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Specific heat; 3.3 Lattice specific heat; 3.4 Electronic specific heat; 3.5 Electronic specific heat in superconducting materials; 3.6 Magnetic specific heat; 3.7 Specific heat due to the amorphous state; 3.8 Data of specific heat; 3.9 Thermal expansion; 3.10 Thermal conductivity; 3.10.1 Phonons; 3.10.2 Electron thermal conductivity; 3.11 Superconducting metals. - 3.12 Data of low-temperature thermal conductivity3.13 The Wiedemann-Franz law; References; Chapter 4 Heat Transfer and Thermal Isolation; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Selection of materials of appropriate thermal conductivity; 4.3 Heat switches; 4.3.1 Gas heat switches; 4.3.2 Superconducting heat switches; 4.3.3 Other heat switches; 4.4 Contact thermal resistance; References; PART III; Chapter 5 Cooling Down to 0.3K; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Transport and storage vessels; 5.3 Liquid 4He in the cryostats; 5.3.1 Cool-down period; 5.3.2 Constant temperature period; 5.3.2.1 Heat conduction. - 5.3.2.2 Heat radiation5.3.2.3 Conduction by gas particles; 5.3.2.4 Thermoacoustic oscillations; 5.4 4He cryostats; 5.4.1 Cryostats for T>4.2K; 5.4.2 Cryostats for 1.3K <T<4.2K; 5.5 3He cryostats; 5.5.1 3He refrigerator with internal pump; 5.6 Accessories; 5.6.1 N2 transfer tubes; 5.6.2 4He transfer tubes; 5.6.3 Liquid-level detectors; 5.7 Mechanical refrigerators; 5.7.1 Introduction; 5.7.2 Coolers using counterflow heat exchangers; 5.7.2.1 Pressure drop; 5.7.2.2 Heat transfer; 5.7.2.3 Efficiency and length; 5.7.2.4 Construction; 5.7.2.5 Other liquefier details. - 5.7.3 The Collins helium liquefier. - Cryogenics is the study of low temperature interactions - temperatures well below those existing in the natural universe. The book covers a large spectrum of experimental cases, including basic vacuum techniques, indispensable in cryogenics. Guidance in solving experimental problems and numerous numerical examples are given, as are examples of the applications of cryogenics in such areas as underground detectors and space applications. Updated tables of low-temperature data on materials are also presented, and the book is supplemented with a rich bibliography. Key Features include: <br
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| Emner | |
| Sjanger | |
| Dewey | 536.560724 . - 621.59
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| ISBN | 9780080444796
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