Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
E.D. Levin
Bok Engelsk 1996
| Utgitt | 1996
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| Omfang | Side 55- 63
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| Opplysninger | Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute, placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine whether nicotine might be useful as an alternative treatment of adultswith ADHD symptomatology. Six smokers and 11 nonsmokers who were outpatientreferrals for ADHD were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Measures of treatmenteffect included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, Hopkins' symptom check list (SCL-90-R), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop test, and an interval-timing task. The smokers underwent overnight deprivation from smoking and weregiven a 21 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. The nonsmokers were given a 7 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. Active and placebo patches were given in a counterbalanced order approximately 1 week apart. Nicotine caused a significant overall nicotine-induced improvement on the CGI. This effect was significant when only the nonsmokers were considered, which indicated that it was not due merely towithdrawal relief. Nicotine caused significantly increased vigor as measuredby the POMS test. Nicotine caused an overall significant reduction in reaction time (RT) on the CPT, Ils well as, with the smokers, a significant reduction ill another index of inattention, variability in reaction time over trial blocks. Nicotine improved accuracy of time estimation and lowered variability of time-estimation response curves. Because improvements occurred amongnonsmokers, the nicotine effect apl,ears not to be merely a relief of withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that nicotine deserves further clinical trials with ADHD.
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| Emner |
