Seismic amplitude : an interpreter's handbook
Rob Simm
Bok · Engelsk · 2014
| Medvirkende | |
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| Omfang | x, 271 sider : illustrasjoner
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| Opplysninger | Contents note continued: 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Litho/fluid-facies from seismic -- 10.3.Reservoir properties from seismic -- 10.3.1.Reservoir properties from deterministic inversion -- 10.3.2.Simple regression, calibration and uncertainty -- 10.3.3.Reservoir property mapping using geostatistical techniques -- 10.3.4.Net pay estimation from seismic -- 10.4.Time-lapse seismic -- 10.5.Amplitudes in prospect evaluation -- 10.5.1.An interpreter's DHI checklist -- 10.5.2.A Bayesian approach to prospect risking -- 10.5.3.Risking, statistics and other sense checks -- 10.6.Seismic amplitude technology in reserves estimation.. - Contents note continued: 3.7.4.The effect of wavelet shape on resolution -- 3.7.5.Lateral resolution -- 3.8.Detectability -- 4.Well to seismic ties -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Log calibration -- depth to time -- 4.2.1.Velocities and scale -- 4.2.2.Drift analysis and correction -- 4.3.The role of VSPs -- 4.4.Well tie approaches using synthetics -- 4.4.1.Well tie matching technique -- 4.4.2.Adaptive technique -- 4.5.A well tie example -- 4.6.Well tie issues -- 4.6.1.Seismic character and phase ambiguity -- 4.6.2.Stretch and squeeze -- 4.6.3.Sense checking and phase perception -- 4.6.4.Importance of tie accuracy in horizon mapping -- 4.6.5.Understanding offset scaling -- 4.6.6.Use of matching techniques to measure an improving tie -- 5.Rock properties and AVO -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.AVO response description -- 5.2.1.Positive or negative AVO and the sign of the AVO gradient -- 5.2.2.AVO classes and the AVO plot -- 5.2.3.Introducing the AVO crossplot --. - Contents note continued: 5.2.4.Examples of AVO responses -- 5.3.Rock property controls on AVO -- 5.3.1.Ranges of parameters for common sedimentary rocks -- 5.3.2.The role of compaction -- 5.3.3.The effect of fluid fill -- 5.3.4.The effects of rock fabric and pore geometry -- 5.3.5.Bed thickness and layering -- 5.3.6.The effects of pressure -- 5.3.7.Anisotropy -- 5.4.The rock model and its applications -- 5.4.1.Examples of rock model applications -- 5.5.Rock properties, AVO reflectivity and impedance -- 5.5.1.AVO projections, coordinate rotations and weighted stacks -- 5.5.2.Angle-dependent impedance -- 5.5.3.Bandlimited impedance -- 5.6.Seismic noise and AVO -- 6.Seismic processing issues -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.General processing issues -- 6.2.1.Initial amplitude corrections -- 6.2.2.Long-wavelength overburden effects -- 6.2.3.Multiple removal -- 6.2.4.Migration -- 6.2.5.Moveout correction -- 6.2.6.Final scaling -- 6.2.7.Angle gathers and angle stacks --. - Contents note continued: 6.3.Data conditioning for AVO analysis -- 6.3.1.Spectral equalisation -- 6.3.2.Residual moveout removal -- 6.3.3.Amplitude scaling with offset -- 6.3.4.Supergathers -- 6.3.5.Gradient estimation and noise reduction -- 7.Amplitude and AVO interpretation -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.AVO and amplitude scenarios -- 7.2.1.Class II/III hydrocarbon sands and Class I water sands -- 7.2.2.Class III hydrocarbon and water sands -- 7.2.3.Class IV hydrocarbon and water sands -- 7.2.4.Class IIp hydrocarbon sands, Class I water sands -- 7.2.5.Class I hydrocarbon sands, Class I water sands -- 7.2.6.Multi-layered reservoirs -- 7.2.7.Hydrocarbon contacts -- 7.2.8.Carbonates -- 7.2.9.Fractured reservoirs -- 8.Rock physics for seismic modelling -- 8.1.Introduction -- 8.2.Rock physics models and relations -- 8.2.1.Theoretical bounds -- 8.2.2.Empirical models -- 8.2.3.Gassmann's equation -- 8.2.4.Minerals, fluids and porosity -- 8.2.5.Dry rock relations -- 8.2.6.Contact models --. - Contents note continued: 8.2.7.Inclusion models -- 8.3.Requirements for a rock physics study -- 8.3.1.Data checklist -- 8.3.2.Acoustic logs -- 8.4.Data QC and log edits -- 8.4.1.Bad hole effects -- 8.4.2.Vp and Vs from sonic waveform analysis -- 8.4.3.Log prediction -- 8.4.4.Borehole invasion -- 8.4.5.Sonic correction for anisotropy in deviated wells -- 8.5.Practical issues in fluid substitution -- 8.5.1.Shaley sands -- 8.5.2.Laminated sands -- 8.5.3.Low porosity and permeability sandstones -- 8.6.Rock characterisation and modelling issues -- 9.Seismic trace inversion -- 9.1.Introduction -- 9.2.Deterministic inversion -- 9.2.1.Recursive inversion -- 9.2.2.Sparse spike inversion -- 9.2.3.Model-based inversion -- 9.2.4.Inversion issues -- 9.2.5.Inversion QC checklist -- 9.2.6.Bandlimited vs broadband -- 9.2.7.Inversion and AVO -- 9.2.8.Issues with quantitative interpretation of deterministic inversions -- 9.3.Stochastic inversion -- 10.Seismic amplitude applications --. - Machine generated contents note: 1.Overview -- 1.1.Introduction -- 1.2.Philosophy, definitions and scope -- 1.3.The practice of seismic rock physics -- 2.Fundamentals -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Seismic basics -- 2.2.1.Seismic geometry -- 2.2.2.Gathers and stacks -- 2.3.Modelling for seismic interpretation -- 2.3.1.The convolutional model, wavelets and polarity -- 2.3.2.Isotropic and elastic rock properties -- 2.3.3.Offset reflectivity -- 2.3.4.Types of seismic models -- 2.3.5.Relating seismic data to models -- 3.Seismic wavelets and resolution -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.2.Seismic data: bandwidth and phase -- 3.3.Zero phase and minimum phase -- 3.4.Change of wavelet shape with depth -- 3.5.Idealised wavelets -- 3.6.Wavelet phase and processing -- 3.6.1.Q compensation -- 3.6.2.Zero phasing -- 3.6.3.Bandwidth improvement -- 3.7.Resolution -- 3.7.1.The problem of interference -- 3.7.2.Simple models of interference -- 3.7.3.Estimating vertical resolution from seismic --. - "Seismic amplitudes yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of hydrocarbon presence. The modern seismic interpreter must be able to deploy a range of sophisticated geophysical techniques, such as seismic inversion, AVO (amplitude variation with offset), and rock physics modelling, as well as integrating information from other geophysical techniques and well data. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis in a practical manner that allows easy application - independent of any commercial software products. Deriving from the authors' extensive industry expertise and experience of delivering practical courses on the subject, it guides the interpreter through each step, introducing techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence. Seismic Amplitude is an invaluable day-to-day tool for graduate students and industry professionals in geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and all subsurface disciplines making regular use of seismic data"--
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| Emner | |
| Dewey | |
| ISBN | 1107011507. - 9781107011502
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