Course in Aviation Accident Prevention Investigative Techniques : Pre-Mishap (Presented in Stockholm, Sweden 3 - 14 June 1985)
Institute of Aviation Safety, Swedavia
Bok Engelsk 1985
| Utgitt | Norrköping : Swedish Aviation Development AB , 1985
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| Omfang | flere pag. : ill.
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| Opplysninger | Published 1985 by various publishers. - TABLE OF CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION The Institute The Faculty The Course The Students PURPOSE OBJECTIVES INVESTIGATIVE SYSTEMS: ORGANIZATION, OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by David H. Holladay Chief Instructor, 119 s. A. ORGANIZATION 1. Problem Statement a. Statistical Questions b. Investigative Quality c. Preventive Actions 2. Preparatory Functions a. Authorities and Responsibilities b. Personnel and Qualifications c. Preconception and Anticipation d. Publications and References e. Liaison with Organizations 3. Personnel Organization a. The Board b. The Coordinating Systems Group (The Management) c. The Human Systems Group (The Man) d. The Material Systems Group (The Machine) e. The Physical Systems Group (The Medium) 4. Reporting Format a. Format and Outline b. Preparation and Editing c. Selection of Attachments d. Determination of Findings e. Formulation of Recommendations f. Packaging and Labelling 5. Administrative Procedures a. Board-Commission b. Hearings-Sessions c. Findings-Recommendations d. Publication-Distribution e. Corrective Actions References ANNEX PRE-MISHAP INVESTIGATIVE SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION 2.1 Mishap Information System for Hazard Analysis, Prediction and Control 2.2 Board and Group Organization Charts 2.3 Board-Group-Individual Task Assignments 2.4 Investigating - Reporting Format INVESTIGATIVE SYSTEMS: PROCEDURES OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by David H. Holladay Chief Instructor, flere pag. A. PROCEDURES 1. Problem Statement a. Divisions of Responsibility b. Non-Interference c. Acquisition of Requirements 2. Preparatory Requirements a. Initial Functions b. Interim Conditions c. Procedural Actions d. Administrative Support 3. Information Processing a. Sources b. Acquisition c. Development References ANNEX PRE-MISHAP INVESTIGATIVE SYSTEMS PROCEDURES 3.1 Activity - Evaluation and Analysis 3.2 Information Processing - Personnel Interview - A Format 3.3 Information Processing - Personnel and Equipment - Observation - Location Evaluation - Documentation of Performance 3.4 Hypothetical Contigencies Task Assignment Examples 3.5 ICAO Actively Pressing World-Wide Aviation Security Programme 3.6 Airport Security: Where Do We Go From Here? 3.7 The Airport and the Crash Rescue Operation 3.8 Disasters - Is Planning Enough? 3.9 Disaster Drill - Testing the Plan 3.10 How Los Angeles International Airport Firefighters Saved the Day HUMAN SYSTEMS (MAN) PHYSIOLOGY OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by Charles I. Barron, M.D. Instructor, flere pag. I. OBJECTIVE OF A PREVENTION PROGRAM A. Understanding of biomedical contributions B. Prevention of accidents and incidents C. Avoidance of injuries and death II. DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE: LIMITATIONS, CAPABILITIES AND REQUIREMENTS A. Basic biochemical requirements B. Human limitations C. Arousal and alertness D. Body rythms E. Crew selection III. PROTECTION AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES A. Hypoxia B. Decompression C. Aeroembolism D. Acceleration E. Disorientation/Vertigo F. Noise G. Vibration H. Noxious fumes I. Microwaves (radar) J. Thermal protection K. Visual stresses IV. AIRCRAFT EVACUATION AND ESCAPE A. Deaths in survivable accidents B. Airliners C. Escape from military aircraft D. Helicopters: Injury considerations V. AIRPORT DISASTER PLANNING A. Written plan B. On field C. Off field VI. DETERMINING PRE-MISHAP PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSES A. Hazard and incident reporting B. Aircrew flight safety opinion survey C. Section J - "The Investigators Form" Human Factors: Physiological/biomedical BIBLIOGRAPHY PAPERS BY CHARLES I. BARRON, M.D. PHYSICAL STANDARDS, 7 s. FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION, INC., Human Factors Bulletin Nov/Dec 1974 STRESS, HEALTH, AND PERFORMANCE, 4 s. FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION, INC., Human Factors Bulletin May/June 1975 ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND SELF-MEDICATION, 4 s. HYPOXIA, HYPERVENTILATION, AND ANXIETY (also by W. E. Evans, III, M. D. and Thomas J. Cook), 7 s. DISORIENTATION IN FLIGHT, 6 s. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS IN HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHT, 15 s. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PILOT PERFORMANCE By William R. Pierson, Ph. D. Chief Physiologist Lockheed-California Company, 4 s. HUMAN SYSTEMS (MAN) PSYCHOLOGY OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by Chaytor D. Mason, Instructor, flere pag. 1. Psychological Factors in Aircraft Accidents 2. Sensory Capabilities & Limitations of Man 3. Attention and Consciousness 4. Perceptual Processes in Man 5. Emotional Problems in Flight 6. Interviewing Techniques in Safety Surveys 7. Human Factors Design of Equipment 8. Maintenance Factors in Aircraft Accident Prevention MATERIAL SYSTEMS (MACHINE) AEROMECHANICS OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by Aage E. Roed, Assistant Chief Instructor, 36 s. MATERIAL SYSTEMS (MACHINE) STRUCTURES OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by David L. Corre, Instructor, 37 s. I. BASIC ELEMENTS 1. Atomic Structure of Metals 2. Basic Behavior of Engineering Materials 3. Stress Distribution 4. State of Stress 5. Component Failure Modes 6. Material Fracture Modes .1 Summary of Fracture Processes .2 Initiation of Cracks During Manufacturing .3 Stable Crack Growth .4 Unstable Crack Growth 7. Sources of Detrimental Influence 8. Causes of Structural Failure in A/C Components II. FUNTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF TYPICAL AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE 1. Wing Box III. STRENGTH AND LIFE REQUIREMENTS 1. Definitions 2. Strength requirements 3. Life requirements IV. FAILURE PREVENTIVE ACTIONS 1. Maintenance Actions 2. Safeguard Actions .1 Introduction (Safe Life and Fail Safe) .2 Life Monitoring Actions .3 Automatic Warning Systems .4 Inspection Programs 3. Recommendations and Requirements V. FAILURE DIAGNOSIS 1. Typical Questions When Diagnosing a Structural Failure 2. Techniques Available for Answering the Questions 3. Summary of Failure Diagnosis Techniques 4. Typical Features of Different Fracture Surfaces V. REFERENCES (separately) MATERIAL FACTORS STRUCTURES LABORATIONS, HANDOUT Prepared by Karl-Axel Olsson Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Aircraft Structures, 1977, 7 s. PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (MEDIUM) METEOROLOGY OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by Daniel F. Sowa, Instructor, 76 s. 1. Introduction 2. Meteorology and aircraft design 3. Airport site selection and runway orientation 4. Weather forecasting 5. Pilot training regarding hazardous weather PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (MEDIUM) FACILITIES OUTLINE OF INSTRUCTION Prepared by Bert Bainbridge, Instructor, 87 s. A. AIRPORTS 1. AIRPORT DESIGN AND OPERATING POLICIES a) Safety Aspects of The Design and Layout of Runways, Taxiways, and Ramps b) Operating Policies and the Safety Implications of the Mix of Various Categories of Traffic c) Traffic Capacity and Flow d) Safeguarding Future Operations by Zoning and Building Planning 2.INADVERTANT INCURSIONS ON TO ACTIVE RUNWAYS AND TAXIWAYS a) Surface Movement Guidance and Control b) Ground Movement Coordination-Controllers/Controllers, Pilots/Controllers, and Pilots/Pilots c) Visual and non-Visual Aids d) Communications and Information 3. RUNWAY SURFACES a) Runway Profiles and Textures b) Aquaplaning and the Loss of Braking Action c) Measurement of Braking Action and the Provision of Information to Pilots 4. PREPARATION AND GRADING OF SAFETY AREAS SURROUNDING THE RUNWAY a) Incidence of Aircraft Leaving The Runway on Landing b) Accident Potential of Inadequately Prepared Surfaces c) Pre-Mishap Investigation Aspects 5. ACCIDENTS ON THE RAMP a) Safe Operation on The Ramp b) The Cost of Accidents 6. BIRD CONTROL a) Seasonal, Environmental and Ecological Considerations b) Environmental Management c) Active and Passive Controls d) Methods of Dispersing and Driving off Birds 7. WAKE TURBULENCE a) Accidents caused by Wake Turbulence b) Separation Criteria c) Avoidance Procedures 8. HELICOPTER OPERATION a) Heliport Design b) Obstacle Clearance Requirements B. APPROACH AND LANDING ACCIDENTS 1. PRE-MISHAP INVESTIGATIONS OF APPROACH ACCIDENT PROBABILITIES a) Presentation and Misinterpretation of Information on Approach Plates b) Navigation Aids and Approach Accidents Ground Located and Airborne Systems c) Effects of Terrain, Environmental, Geographical and Seasonal Effects on Navigational Equipments 2. FINAL APPROACH GUIDANCE a) Instrument Landing System (ILS) Functional Limitations and Restrictions b) Microwave Landing System (MLS) Implications of New System C. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 1. ATC PERSONNEL a) Controller Errors a) Controller/Controller Coordination a) Controller Training, Workload and Stress 2. ATC SYSTEMS a) ATC Systems Performance and Problems b) Computer Systems c) Computer "Outages" d) Future Developments D. COLLISION AVOIDANCE a) Analysis of Risk b) Use of Airmiss Reports c) Ground (ATC) Monitored Systems d) Airborne and Air Computer Based Conflict Alerting
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