Orogenesis

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2012

1 online resource (416 p.)

Description based upon print version of record.. - Cover; Orogenesis: The Making of Mountains; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1: Major features of the Earth and plate tectonics; Plate tectonics; Mid Ocean Rises; Plate boundaries; Magnetic anomalies; Lithospheric plates; Orogens and plate tectonics; Rheological control over continental break-up; Dewey and Bird classification of orogens; Ancient plates and orogeny; Major features of orogens; Orogenic deformation; Mechanisms of lithospheric thickening; Orogenic metamorphism; Further reading. - 2: Driving mechanisms for plates, slab retreat and advance, and a cause of orogenesisRetreat and advance of subduction zones; Gravity differences as driving forces in orogeny; Applications of the Platt and England model; 3: Physical and chemical principles: rock deformation, isostasy, geochronology and heat production in the lithosphere; Rock deformation; Coulomb fracture theory; Stress and strain; S- and L-tectonites; Rotational and non-rotational strain; Three-dimensional strain; Rheology; Controls of deformation; Temperature; Confining pressure; Strain rate; Fluids in rock deformation. - 5: Evolution of orogensThe transition from passive margin to active margin; Collision belts; Mountain uplift; Symmetry and asymmetry in orogens; Strike-slip orogens; Uplift and collapse of mountains; Stages of collision; Collision belts; The Himalayan Karakoram and Tibetan orogen; Mechanics of shortening in the Himalaya; Indentation; Thrusting; The South Tibetan Detachment (STD); Underthrusting in the Himalaya; Oroclines; The metamorphic evolution of the Himalaya; Karakoram; The Tibetan Plateau; Pre-Cenozoic thickening in Tibet?; Deep crustal flow; Differences between North and South Tibet. - Doubly vergent orogensClassification of thrusts; (a) Gravity gliding or spreading/flow models; (b) Extrusion of orogen-scale tectonic wedges; (c) Dislocation model; (d) 'Push-from-behind' model; Detachment; Time spans of thrusts; Thrust systems; Imbricates and duplexes; Modelling; Relationship between folds and thrusts; Displacement on thrusts; Restored sections; Thrust terminations; Transport direction in thrusting; Thrust mechanics; Orogenic wedge theory; Ductile thrusts; Internal strain in thrust sheets; Folds in shear zones; Rotation of thrust sheets about a vertical axis; Further reading. - N-S grabens. - Permeability and non-permeability of rocksEnhanced pore fluid pressure; Effective stress; Fluids in earthquakes and in pathways in the crust; Seismic pumping and valves; Mechanisms of rock deformation; Transformation and reaction-enhanced ductility; Crystal plasticity; Diffusive mass transfer; Isostasy; Geochronology and thermochronology; Geotherms and thermal structure; Heat transfer in the lithosphere; Heat sources; Heat advection; Further reading; 4: Large-scale features of orogens: thrusts and folds; Arcuation of orogens and oroclines; Physical properties of thrust faults. - A valuable introduction to the processes of mountain belt formation and summary of orogenic research, for advanced students and researchers.

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