Climate system dynamics and modelling
Hugues Goosse, Université catholique de Louvain.
Bok Engelsk 2015
| Omfang | xviii, 358 pages : : illustrations (chiefly color), maps (some color) ;
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| Opplysninger | Machine generated contents note: 1.1.Introduction -- 1.2.The Atmosphere -- 1.2.1.Composition and Temperature -- 1.2.2.General Circulation of the Atmosphere -- 1.2.3.Precipitation -- 1.3.The Ocean -- 1.3.1.Composition and Properties -- 1.3.2.Oceanic Circulation -- 1.3.3.Temperature and Salinity -- 1.4.The Cryosphere -- 1.4.1.Components -- 1.4.2.Properties -- 1.5.The Land Surface and the Terrestrial Biosphere -- Review Exercises -- 2.1.The Earth's Energy Budget -- 2.1.1.The Radiative Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere: A Global View -- 2.1.2.The Greenhouse Effect -- 2.1.3.Present-Day Insolation at the Top of the Atmosphere -- 2.1.4.The Radiative Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere: Geographical Distribution -- 2.1.5.Heat Storage and Transport -- 2.1.6.Energy Balance at the Surface -- 2.2.The Hydrological Cycle -- 2.2.1.Global Water Balance -- 2.2.2.Water Balance on Land -- 2.2.3.Local Water Balance and Water Transport -- 2.3.The Carbon Cycle -- 2.3.1.Overview-- 2.3.2.Oceanic Carbon Cycle -- 2.3.3.Terrestrial Carbon Cycle -- 2.3.4.Geological Reservoirs -- 2.3.5.The Methane Cycle -- Review Exercises -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.1.1.What Is a Climate Model? -- 3.1.2.Types of Models -- 3.2.A Hierarchy of Models -- 3.2.1.Energy-Balance Models and Simple Dynamic Systems -- 3.2.2.Intermediate-Complexity Models -- 3.2.3.General Circulation Models -- 3.2.4.Regional Climate Models -- 3.2.5.Statistical Downscaling -- 3.3.Components of a Climate Model -- 3.3.1.Atmosphere -- 3.3.2.Ocean -- 3.3.3.Sea Ice -- 3.3.4.Land Surface -- 3.3.5.Marine Biogeochemistry -- 3.3.6.Ice Sheets -- 3.3.7.Aerosols and Atmospheric Chemistry -- 3.3.8.Earth System Models: Coupling between the Components -- 3.4.Numerical Resolution of the Equations -- 3.4.1.A Simple Example Using the Finite-Difference Method -- 3.4.2.Consistence, Convergence, Stability and Accuracy -- 3.4.3.Time and Space Discretisations Using Finite Differences-- 3.4.4.Spectral Representation, Finite-Volume and Finite-Element Methods -- 3.5.Model Evaluation -- 3.5.1.Testing, Verification and Validation -- 3.5.2.Evaluating Model Performance -- 3.6.Combining Model Results and Observations -- 3.6.1.Correction of Model Biases -- 3.6.2.Data Assimilation -- Review Exercises -- 4.1.Climate Forcing and Climate Response -- 4.1.1.Notion of Radiative Forcing -- 4.1.2.Major Radiative Forcing Agents -- 4.1.3.Equilibrium Response of the Climate System: A Definition of Feedback -- 4.1.4.Direct Physical Feedbacks -- 4.1.5.Transient Response of the Climate System: Ocean Heat Uptake -- 4.2.Physical Feedbacks -- 4.2.1.Water-Vapour Feedback and Lapse-Rate Feedback -- 4.2.2.Cryospheric Feedbacks -- 4.2.3.Cloud Feedbacks -- 4.2.4.Soil-Moisture Feedbacks -- 4.2.5.Advective Feedback in the Ocean -- 4.3.Geochemical, Biogeochemical and Biogeophysical Feedbacks -- 4.3.1.Concentration-Carbon and Climate-Carbon Feedbacks-- 4.3.2.Interactions between Climate and the Terrestrial Biosphere -- 4.3.3.Calcium Carbonate Compensation -- 4.3.4.Interaction among Plate Tectonics, Climate and the Carbon Cycle -- 4.4.Summary of the Most Important Feedbacks -- Review Exercises -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.1.1.Forced and Internal Variability -- 5.1.2.Time Scales of Climate Variations -- 5.2.Internal Climate Variability -- 5.2.1.El Nino[—]Southern Oscillation -- 5.2.2.North Atlantic Oscillation -- 5.2.3.Southern Annular Mode -- 5.2.4.Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation -- 5.3.Reconstructing Past Climates -- 5.3.1.Records of Past Climate Changes -- 5.3.2.Dating Methods -- 5.3.3.An Important Example: Reconstructions Based on Isotopes -- 5.4.Climate since the Earth's Formation -- 5.4.1.Precambrian Climate -- 5.4.2.Phanerozoic Climate -- 5.4.3.Cenozoic Climate -- 5.5.The Last Million Years: Glacial-Interglacial Cycles -- 5.5.1.Variations in Astronomical Parameters and Insolation-- 5.5.2.The Astronomical Theory of Paleoclimates -- 5.5.3.Glacial-Interglacial Variations in the Atmospheric CO2 Concentration -- 5.5.4.Millennial-Scale Variability during Glacial Periods -- 5.6.The Last Deglaciation and the Holocene -- 5.6.1.The Last Deglaciation -- 5.6.2.The Current Interglacial -- 5.6.3.The Past 2000 Years -- 5.7.The Last Century -- 5.7.1.Observed Changes -- 5.7.2.Detection and Attribution of Recent Climate Changes -- Review Exercises -- 6.1.Scenarios -- 6.1.1.The Purpose of the Scenarios and Scenario Development -- 6.1.2.Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) -- 6.1.3.Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) -- 6.2.Climate Changes over the Twenty-First Century -- 6.2.1.Model Ensembles -- 6.2.2.Decadal Predictions and Projections -- 6.2.3.Changes in Global Mean Surface Temperature -- 6.2.4.Spatial Distribution of Surface Temperature Changes -- 6.2.5.Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Changes -- 6.2.6.Changes in the Ocean and Sea Ice-- 6.2.7.Changes in Modes of Variability -- 6.2.8.Changes in Climate Extremes -- 6.2.9.Changes in the Carbon Cycle -- 6.3.Long-Term Climate Changes -- 6.3.1.The Carbon Cycle -- 6.3.2.Sea Level and Ice Sheets -- 6.3.3.Abrupt Climate Changes -- Review Exercises.. - An introductory textbook on all aspects of climate system dynamics and modelling for students, scientists and professionals.
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| Emner | |
| Dewey | |
| ISBN | 9781107083899. - 9781107445833
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