Varieties of English : a typological approach /
Peter Siemund.
Bok Engelsk 2013 · Electronic books.
| Omfang | 1 online resource (xix, 308 pages) : : digital, PDF file(s).
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| Utgave | 1st ed.
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| Opplysninger | Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).. - Intro -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Acknowledgements -- How to use this book -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background and aims -- 1.2 Structure of the book and target audience -- 1.3 Varieties of English: an overview -- 1.3.1 Classifying varieties of English -- 1.3.2 National entities and dialect areas -- 1.3.3 Historical expansion -- 1.3.4 Language contact and language shift -- 1.4 Sociolinguistics and functional typology -- 1.4.1 Dialectology and sociolinguistics -- 1.4.2 Linguistic typology -- 1.4.3 Linguistic universals -- 1.5 Summary and list of keywords -- 1.6 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 2 Reflexivity and reflexive marking -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Varieties of English -- 2.2.1 Inventory of forms -- 2.2.2 The use of simple pronouns for the expression of reflexive relations -- 2.2.3 The use of complex self-forms in the position of simple pronouns -- 2.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 2.3.1 Morphological form of reflexive markers -- 2.3.2 Inflecting and non-inflecting reflexive markers -- 2.3.3 Identity and non-identity of reflexive markers with intensive self-forms -- 2.3.4 Binding domain -- 2.3.5 Body-part nouns as a lexical source of reflexive markers -- 2.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 2.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 3 Pronominal gender -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.1.1 Gender as an agreement system -- 3.1.2 Principles of gender assignment -- 3.1.3 Dual gender and triple gender nouns -- 3.2 Varieties of English -- 3.2.1 Three genders in the system of pronouns -- 3.2.2 The complete lack of gender distinctions -- 3.2.3 Binary gender distinctions -- 3.2.4 Variation in the use of masculine, feminine, and neuter pronouns -- 3.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 3.3.1 Pronominal gender: person and semantic basis -- 3.3.2 Mass/count systems.. - 10.3.1 Defining and delimiting agreement -- 10.3.2 Canonical and non-canonical agreement -- 10.3.3 Parameters of variation -- 10.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 10.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Advanced level -- 10.6 References -- 11 Ditransitive constructions -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.1.1 Transitivity -- 11.1.2 Differences between the double-object construction and the prepositional construction -- 11.2 Varieties of English -- 11.2.1 The alternative double-object construction -- 11.2.2 Pronominal objects -- 11.2.3 The Southern Double-Object Construction -- 11.2.4 Ditransitive verbs in varieties of English -- 11.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 11.3.1 Alignment types -- 11.3.2 The order of direct objects and indirect objects -- 11.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 11.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 12 Interrogative constructions -- 12.1 Overview -- 12.1.1 Illocutionary force and sentence types -- 12.1.2 The structure of interrogative clauses -- 12.1.3 Interrogative words -- 12.1.4 Interrogative tags (tag questions) -- 12.2 Varieties of English -- 12.2.1 No inversion in main clauses -- 12.2.2 Inversion in embedded clauses -- 12.2.3 Interrogative words -- 12.2.4 Interrogative tags and particles -- 12.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 12.3.1 The marking of interrogative clauses -- 12.3.2 Interrogative words -- 12.3.3 Returning to tags and particles -- 12.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 12.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 13 The formation of relative clauses -- 13.1 Overview -- 13.1.1 Some basic definitions -- 13.1.2 Strategies of relativisation -- 13.1.3 The syntactic function of the modified noun phrase -- 13.2 Varieties of English -- 13.2.1 Relative markers (subordinators, relative pronouns) -- 13.2.2 Subject gapping -- 13.2.3 Resumptive pronouns (pronoun retention).. - 13.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 13.3.1 Order of relative clause and head noun -- 13.3.2 Strategies of relative clause formation -- 13.3.3 The accessibility hierarchy -- 13.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 13.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 14 Summary and outlook -- 14.1 Exceptional properties of English -- 14.2 Universals, angloversals, and vernacular universals -- 14.3 Variationist (sociolinguistic) typology -- 14.4 Where to go from here -- 14.5 Summary and list of keywords -- 14.6 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- General references -- Index of languages, varieties, and areas -- Index of names -- Subject index.. - 3.3.3 The hierarchy of individuation -- 3.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 3.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 4 Pronominal case -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.1.1 Case forms in standard English -- 4.1.2 Invariable usage of pronominal case forms -- 4.1.3 Variable usage of pronominal case forms -- 4.2 Varieties of English -- 4.2.1 Retention and variation -- 4.2.2 Pidgins and Creoles: between simplification and innovation -- 4.2.3 Pronoun exchange -- 4.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 4.3.1 Case marking alignment -- 4.3.2 The size of case systems -- 4.3.3 Asymmetrical case marking -- 4.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 4.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 5 Determiners -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.1.1 Definite and indefinite articles -- 5.1.2 Demonstrative pronouns -- 5.1.3 Quantifiers -- 5.1.4 Other determiners -- 5.1.5 Variable uses of articles -- 5.2 Varieties of English -- 5.2.1 Different forms and functions of determiners -- 5.2.2 Overuse and underuse -- 5.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 5.3.1 The marking of definiteness -- 5.3.2 Demonstratives and definite articles -- 5.3.3 Indefinite articles and the numeral 'one' -- 5.3.4 Distance contrasts in demonstrative pronouns -- 5.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 5.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 6 Tense marking -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Varieties of English -- 6.2.1 Non-standard distributions -- 6.2.2 Special grammatical forms -- 6.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 6.3.1 The encoding of perfect meaning -- 6.3.2 The past tense and the number of remoteness distinctions -- 6.3.3 The future tense -- 6.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 6.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 7 Aspect marking -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 Varieties of English -- 7.2.1 Non-standard distributions.. - 7.2.2 Special grammatical forms -- 7.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 7.3.1 Inflectional and periphrastic marking -- 7.3.2 Perfective and imperfective aspect -- 7.3.3 Imperfective and related categories -- 7.3.4 Locative expressions -- 7.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 7.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 8 Modal verbs -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.1.1 Grammatical properties of modal verbs -- 8.1.2 Deontic and epistemic modality -- 8.1.3 Interaction with negation -- 8.2 Varieties of English -- 8.2.1 Distinctive modal verb forms -- 8.2.2 Omission of modals and auxiliaries -- 8.2.3 Subjunctive should -- 8.2.4 Deontic and epistemic modality -- 8.2.5 Double and triple modals -- 8.2.6 Politeness -- 8.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 8.3.1 The encoding of modal meanings -- 8.3.2 Grammaticalisation processes -- 8.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 8.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 9 Negation -- 9.1 Overview -- 9.2 Varieties of English -- 9.2.1 Sentential negators -- 9.2.2 Multiple negation (negative concord) -- 9.2.3 Negative contraction and auxiliary contraction -- 9.2.4 Negative tags -- 9.2.5 Asymmetries -- 9.3 Cross-linguistic comparison -- 9.3.1 Strategies of negation -- 9.3.2 Symmetric and asymmetric negation -- 9.3.3 Multiple negation -- 9.3.4 The Jespersen Cycle -- 9.4 Summary and list of keywords -- 9.5 Exercises -- Basic level -- Intermediate level -- Advanced level -- 10 Subject-verb agreement -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.1.1 Agreement -- 10.1.2 Canonical subject-verb-agreement -- 10.1.3 Non-canonical subject-verb agreement -- 10.2 Varieties of English -- 10.2.1 Regularisation processes -- 10.2.2 Verbal agreement and the Northern Subject Rule -- 10.2.3 Was/were generalisation -- 10.2.4 Lexical differences -- 10.2.5 Third person singular don't -- 10.3 Cross-linguistic comparison.. - English is a highly diversified language that appears in a multitude of different varieties across the globe. These varieties may differ extensively in their structural properties. This coursebook is an introduction to the fascinating range of regional and social varieties encountered around the world. Comparing grammatical phenomena, the book analyses the varieties in depth, identifying patterns and limits of variation, and providing clear explanations. Using comparisons with other languages, the book identifies universal as well as language-specific aspects of variation in English. This book is specially designed to meet the needs of students, each chapter contains useful exercises targeted at three different ability levels and succinct summaries and practical lists of key words help students to review and identify important facts.
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| Emner | |
| Sjanger | |
| Dewey | |
| ISBN | 1-107-24090-5. - 1-139-02824-3
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