Depression and memory in the elderly: A meta-analysis
S.S. Kindermann
Bok Engelsk 1997
| Utgitt | 1997
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| Omfang | Side 625- 642
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| Opplysninger | A meta-analysis (N = 40) of the effects of depression on memory inthe elderly (sample mean age greater than or equal to 55 years)examined variables potentially accounting for divergent findings inthe literature. The distribution of effects was bimodal and theeffect sizes were heterogeneous. Compared to controls, groupscontaining unipolar subjects only were significantly less impairedthan were mixed unipolar-bipolar; five of six studies mixingdepression subtype were associated with the more negative mode.Samples containing younger depressed subjects (<45 years) weresignificantly more impaired and were associated with the morenegative mode. Significant group differences were found betweenstudies matching their comparison groups reasonably well on years ofeducation and those that did not. Thoroughness of dementia screeningyielded no group differences. Although correlated observationsprecluded significance tests, larger effects were found for(1)figural (vs. Verbal) memory; (2) delayed (vs. Immediate) memory; and(3) recognition (vs. Free recall and incidental or cued recall;incidental and cued recall effects were nearly identical). Similareffects were found for composite memory scores versus constituent andfor various presentation paradigms (e.g., single presentation,selective reminding). Effect sizes for these categories were in themoderate range. Difficulties synthesizing this Literature arediscussed as are suggested remedies and directions for futureresearch.
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| Emner |
