Age- and education-specific reference values for the Mini-Mental andModified Mini-Mental State Examinations derived from a non-dementedelderly population
G. Bravo
Bok Engelsk 1997
| Utgitt | 1997
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| Omfang | Side 1008- 1018
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| Opplysninger | Main objective. To report age-and education-specific reference valuesfor the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Modified Mini-MentalState (3MS) Examination.Design, cross-sectional study.Setting, Community and institutional settings in five regions acrossCanada.Participants. 7754 subjects aged 65 and over randomly chosen to takepart in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, Subjects classifiedas cognitively impaired or demented following a clinical andneuropsychological examination were excluded.Measurements. Total scores on the MMSE and 3MS, and the degree towhich they are influenced by the age, sex, education, mother tongueand living environment of the subject.Results. Reference values on the two tests are reported throughvarious descriptive statistics for five age groups and four educationlevels. These values decrease with age and increase with years ofschooling. Test scores are also influenced by the subject's sex andmother tongue, albeit to a lesser extent. These observations led tothe development of predictive equations of the performance to beexpected from a 'normal' elderly subject, given his/hersociodemographic characteristics.Conclusion. The use of the reference values and related predictiveequations will allow the clinician to interpret a patient'sperformance on two widely used cognitive tests, in light of the valueexpected from a group of 'normal' subjects with the samesociodemographic profile. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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