Experiments in Ecology : Their Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance
A. J. Underwood
Bok Engelsk 1997 · Electronic books.
| Utgitt | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1997
|
|---|---|
| Omfang | 1 online resource (526 p.)
|
| Opplysninger | Description based upon print version of record.. - Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction; 2 A framework for investigating biological patterns and processes; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Observations; 2.3 Models, theories, explanations; 2.3.1 Models of physiological stress; 2.3.2 Models based on competition; 2.3.3 Grazing models; 2.3.4 Models to do with hazards; 2.3.5 Models of failure of recruitment; 2.4 Numerous competing models; 2.5 Hypotheses, predictions; 2.6 Null hypotheses; 2.7 Experiments and their interpretation; 2.8 What to do next?; 2.9 Measurements, gathering data and a logical structure. - 2.10 A consideration: why are you measuring things?2.11 Conclusion: a plea for more thought; 3 Populations, frequency distributions and samples; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Variability in measurements; 3.3 Observations and measurements as frequency distributions; 3.4 Defining the population to be observed; 3.5 The need for samples; 3.6 The location parameter; 3.7 Sample estimate of the location parameter; 3.8 The dispersion parameter; 3.9 Sample estimate of the dispersion parameter; 3.10 Degrees of freedom; 3.11 Representative sampling and accuracy of samples; 3.12 Other useful parameters. - 3.12.1 Skewness3.12.2 Kurtosis; 4 Statistical tests of null hypotheses; 4.1 Why a statistical test?; 4.2 An example using coins; 4.3 The components of a statistical test; 4.3.1 Null hypothesis; 4.3.2 Test statistic; 4.3.3 Region of rejection and critical value; 4.4 Type I error or rejection of a true null hypothesis; 4.5 Statistical test of a theoretical biological example; 4.5.1 Transformation of a normal distribution to the standard normal distribution; 4.6 One- and two-tailed null hypotheses; 5 Statistical tests on samples; 5.1 Repeated sampling. - 5.11 Type I and Type II errors in relation to a null hypothesis5.12 Determining the power of a simple statistical test; 5.12.1 Probability of Type I error; 5.12.2 Size of experiment (n); 5.12.3 Variance of the population; 5.12.4 'Effect size'; 5.13 Power and alternative hypotheses; 6 Simple experiments comparing the means of two populations; 6.1 Paired comparisons; 6.2 Confounding and lack of controls; 6.3 Unpaired experiments; 6.4 Standard error of the difference between two means; 6.4.1 Independence of samples; 6.4.2 Homogeneity of variances; 6.5 Allocation of sample units to treatments. - 5.2 The standard error from the normal distribution of sample means5.3 Confidence intervals for a sampled mean; 5.4 Precision of a sample estimate of the mean; 5.5 A contrived example of use of the confidence interval of sampled means; 5.6 Student's t-distribution; 5.7 Increasing precision of sampling; 5.7.1 The chosen probability used to construct the confidence interval; 5.7.2 The sample size (n); 5.7.3 The variance of the population (σ2); 5.8 Description of sampling; 5.9 Student's t-test for a mensurative hypothesis; 5.10 Goodness-of-fit, mensurative experiments and logic. - 6.6 Interpretation of a simple ecological experiment. - First published in 1996, this book is a logical and consistent approach to experimental design using statistical principles.
|
| Emner | Ecology -- Experiments.
Anova Biometri Earth & Environmental Sciences Vis mer... Ecology
Eksperimenter Metoder Statistikk Statistiske metoder Variansanalyse Økologi Økologi - Statistikk økologi metode eksperiment statistikk anova metodikk variansanalyse statistiske metoder variansanalyser |
| Sjanger | |
| Dewey | |
| ISBN | 0521553296. - 0521556961
|
