Islam, authoritarianism, and underdevelopment : a global and historical comparison /
Ahmet T. Kuru.
Bok Engelsk 2019 · Electronic books.
| Omfang | 1 online resource (xvii, 303 pages) : : digital, PDF file(s).
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| Utgave | 1st ed.
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| Opplysninger | Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 19 Jun 2019).. - Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- Maps -- Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Methodology, Theory, and Normative Concerns -- Spelling, Names, and Translations -- Introduction -- The Ulema-State Alliance -- Secularists and Islamic Actors -- Religion and the State (Din wa Dawla) -- Part I Present -- 1 Violence and Peace -- Western Colonization and Occupation -- The Role of Islam -- The Ulema -- The Authoritarian State -- Conclusion -- 2 Authoritarianism and Democracy -- Western Colonization and Occupation -- The Role of Islam -- Patriarchy -- Secular and Islamic States -- The Ulema -- Ulema-State Alliances -- Medieval Ideas, Modern Authoritarianism -- Oil and the Rentier State -- Economic Underdevelopment -- Conclusion -- 3 Socioeconomic Underdevelopment and Development -- Western Colonization and Exploitation -- The Roles of Islam and the Ulema -- Authoritarianism and the Vicious Circle -- History and Institutions -- Conclusion -- Part II History -- 4 Progress: Scholars and Merchants (Seventh to Eleventh Centuries) -- Islam in Asia, Africa, and Europe -- Islamic Scholars, the State, and Religious Diversity -- The Philosophers -- The Merchants -- Neither Imitation, nor Orthodoxy -- Islamic Civilizing Process -- Muslims and Western Christians -- Din wa Dawla (Religion and the State) -- Sunni Orthodoxy -- The Qadiri Creed and Mawardi -- The Iqta System -- The Military State and Conquests -- The Seljuks and the Ulema -- Ghazali and the Decline Thesis -- The Decline Thesis -- Ghazali and the Decline -- The Sasanian Influence on Muslim Political Thought -- Conclusion -- 5 Crisis: The Invasions (Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries) -- The Invaders -- The Crusaders -- The Mongols -- Timur -- The Invaders and the ''Decline'' -- Waning of Philosophers: From Ghazali to Ibn Khaldun.. - Central Asia, Iran, and Iraq -- Egypt, Syria, and Anatolia -- Andalus and Northwest Africa -- Ibn Rushd -- Ibn Khaldun -- Sufism -- Sufism Replacing Philosophy -- Sufism and the State -- Muslim Political Thought -- Marginalization of Merchants -- Transformation of Western Europe -- Muslim Influence on Western Europe -- Conclusion -- 6 Power: Three Muslim Empires (Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries) -- The Ulema-State Alliance -- The Natural Sciences and Philosophy -- The Decline Thesis, Again -- Trivialization of Merchants -- The Rise of Western Europe -- Alternative Explanations of the Rise of Western Europe -- Alternative Explanations of the Decline of the Muslim World -- Conclusion -- 7 Collapse: Western Colonialism and Muslim Reformists (Eighteenth to Nineteenth Centuries) -- Printing Presses and Quran Translations -- Western Dominance -- Westernization Reforms and Reformist Intellectuals -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Comparative Historical Development -- Violence, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment -- No Intelligentsia/Bourgeoisie, No Development -- Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Index.. - Why do Muslim-majority countries exhibit high levels of authoritarianism and low levels of socio-economic development in comparison to world averages? Ahmet T. Kuru criticizes explanations which point to Islam as the cause of this disparity, because Muslims were philosophically and socio-economically more developed than Western Europeans between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Nor was Western colonialism the cause: Muslims had already suffered political and socio-economic problems when colonization began. Kuru argues that Muslims had influential thinkers and merchants in their early history, when religious orthodoxy and military rule were prevalent in Europe. However, in the eleventh century, an alliance between orthodox Islamic scholars (the ulema) and military states began to emerge. This alliance gradually hindered intellectual and economic creativity by marginalizing intellectual and bourgeois classes in the Muslim world. This important study links its historical explanation to contemporary politics by showing that, to this day, ulema-state alliance still prevents creativity and competition in Muslim countries.
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| Dewey | |
| ISBN | 9781108409476 (pbk.) : : £26.99. - 9781108419093 (hbk.) : : £74.99
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